Ingredient substitutes

Out of something? Here is what to use instead, with exact amounts.

• Buttermilk → milk with lemon juice or vinegar
• Self-raising flour → plain flour with baking powder
• Egg (in baking) → flaxseed, banana or apple sauce
• Baking powder → bicarb soda with cream of tartar
• Bicarbonate of soda → baking powder
• Brown sugar → white sugar with treacle or molasses
• Caster sugar → blended white sugar
• Icing sugar → blended white sugar
• Sour cream → greek yoghurt
• Cream (for cooking) → milk and butter
• Butter (in baking) → oil
• Fresh herbs → dried herbs
• Fresh garlic → garlic powder
• Cornflour (for thickening) → plain flour
• Lemon juice → lime juice or vinegar
• Wine (in cooking) → stock with vinegar
• Honey → maple or golden syrup
• Breadcrumbs → crackers, oats or panko